IP and route tracing

windows
my ip: ipconfig
how packets travel: tracert www.google.com

linux
my ip:  hostname -i
how packets travel: traceroute www.google.com / tracepath www.google.com
my network interfaces: ip addr show

block IP addresses etc: sudo iptables -L

tracing network trafic:
tcpdump -n -i eth1
(make network call on eth1 interface with above job running)

Then wget / curl